3,000 particles are placed on a sphere using uniform sampling, then nudged by simplex noise to break up the surface. Any pair within a threshold distance gets connected by a line, capped at five connections per particle and 5,000 lines total. Past those limits I have found it stops looking like a structure.
Colour runs from blue to magenta based on each particle’s x-position. Connections share their particle’s colour, so the web reads as one thing.
The bloom (Three.js UnrealBloomPass) is applied to the full composite render, so it picks up everything in the scene. Because both particles and lines use additive blending, the brightest overlaps bloom hardest and build a hot centre against the cooler outer web.